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प्रकाशन

मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

आज, रिज़र्व बैंक ने मई 2024 के अपने द्विमासिक मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण (आईईएसएच)1 2 के परिणाम जारी किए हैं। यह सर्वेक्षण 2-11 मई, 2024 के दौरान 19 प्रमुख शहरों में आयोजित किया गया था, जिसमें 5,943 शहरी परिवारों की प्रतिक्रियाएँ शामिल थी। इस दौर के सर्वेक्षण में महिला उत्तरदाताओं की हिस्सेदारी 52.6 प्रतिशत रही है।

मुख्य विशेषताएँ:

  1. आगामी तीन महीने और एक वर्ष के लिए परिवारों की मुद्रास्फीति पर अपेक्षाएँ क्रमशः 20 आधार अंक (बीपीएस) और 10 बीपीएस बढ़ी हैं; लेकिन एकल अंक में रहीं; हालाँकि, वर्तमान मुद्रास्फीति पर परिवारों की धारणा 10 बीपीएस घटकर नवीनतम सर्वेक्षण दौर में 8.0 प्रतिशत हो गयी है [चार्ट 1ए और 1बी; टेबल 3]।

  2. अधिकांश उत्तरदाताओं ने अगले तीन महीनों के साथ-साथ एक वर्ष की अवधि में सभी प्रमुख उत्पाद समूहों के लिए कीमतों और मुद्रास्फीति में वृद्धि की अपेक्षाएँ जताई है [टेबल 1 (ए) और 1 (बी)]।

  3. समग्र स्तर पर, महिला उत्तरदाताओं का मुद्रास्फीति पर धारणा और अपेक्षाएं पुरुष समकक्षों की तुलना में थोड़ी कम रही है [टेबल 2]।

  4. व्यवसाय श्रेणियों में, स्व-नियोजित उत्तरदाताओं के समूह ने सबसे अधिक मुद्रास्फीति की उम्मीद की है [टेबल 2]।

  5. एक वर्ष की आगे की अवधि के लिए सामान्य कीमतों पर परिवारों की अपेक्षाएँ खाद्य कीमतों और आवास से संबंधित आकलन के साथ निकटता से संरेखित हैं [टेबल 4]।

Chart 1. Median Inflation Rate Perception and Three Months ahead Expectation

नोट: कृपया समय क्षृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें3

Table 1(a): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for Three Months ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended May-23 Nov-23 Jan-24 Mar-24 May-24
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 81.2 0.82 74.1 0.93 78.2 0.84 76.5 0.85 80.6 0.81
Price increase more than current rate 59.7 1.08 50.8 1.13 54.4 1.09 53.1 1.08 59.1 1.13
Price increase similar to current rate 17.9 0.77 19.1 0.85 19.5 0.80 18.2 0.79 17.5 0.83
Price increase less than current rate 3.5 0.41 4.2 0.42 4.2 0.43 5.2 0.44 4.0 0.43
No changes in prices 15.7 0.77 21.2 0.88 18.3 0.79 19.6 0.80 16.6 0.77
Decline in prices 3.1 0.35 4.7 0.45 3.6 0.37 3.9 0.38 2.8 0.32
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 82.7 0.73 75.5 0.90 80.2 0.77 76.7 0.81 81.8 0.74
Price increase more than current rate 61.8 1.00 53.7 1.04 59.3 1.00 54.4 1.00 61.0 1.07
Price increase similar to current rate 16.2 0.71 16.1 0.74 15.6 0.72 15.7 0.69 15.3 0.74
Price increase less than current rate 4.7 0.42 5.8 0.47 5.4 0.45 6.6 0.50 5.5 0.46
No changes in prices 11.0 0.61 15.5 0.76 12.3 0.65 15.1 0.68 12.1 0.64
Decline in prices 6.3 0.48 9.0 0.57 7.5 0.51 8.2 0.54 6.1 0.46
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 78.4 0.84 73.8 0.87 74.0 0.85 71.5 0.87 75.0 0.85
Price increase more than current rate 57.1 1.08 52.4 1.04 52.3 1.03 48.9 1.01 53.7 1.11
Price increase similar to current rate 16.6 0.70 16.1 0.72 16.4 0.71 16.2 0.71 15.6 0.72
Price increase less than current rate 4.6 0.43 5.3 0.46 5.2 0.45 6.4 0.48 5.7 0.50
No changes in prices 16.2 0.74 19.5 0.77 18.6 0.76 20.9 0.80 19.3 0.78
Decline in prices 5.4 0.45 6.7 0.48 7.4 0.52 7.7 0.51 5.7 0.43
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 68.2 0.90 63.8 0.98 65.5 0.93 64.7 0.92 68.2 0.94
Price increase more than current rate 49.5 1.06 45.5 1.02 46.3 1.04 43.8 1.01 48.3 1.10
Price increase similar to current rate 14.8 0.67 13.4 0.68 14.5 0.65 15.5 0.70 15.2 0.74
Price increase less than current rate 3.9 0.38 4.9 0.43 4.7 0.42 5.4 0.44 4.7 0.44
No changes in prices 24.6 0.86 25.9 0.89 25.2 0.85 26.1 0.85 23.4 0.86
Decline in prices 7.2 0.51 10.3 0.59 9.4 0.57 9.2 0.57 8.5 0.53
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 78.1 0.82 76.8 0.88 78.4 0.83 76.9 0.83 80.4 0.81
Price increase more than current rate 59.4 1.06 57.2 1.09 58.2 1.05 55.8 1.07 59.3 1.06
Price increase similar to current rate 15.1 0.74 15.5 0.72 16.1 0.72 16.4 0.74 16.7 0.77
Price increase less than current rate 3.7 0.35 4.1 0.37 4.0 0.41 4.7 0.40 4.3 0.44
No changes in prices 18.7 0.79 20.0 0.83 18.1 0.79 19.6 0.78 16.7 0.77
Decline in prices 3.2 0.36 3.2 0.36 3.6 0.34 3.5 0.36 3.0 0.34
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 70.6 0.89 63.3 0.96 65.0 0.93 65.0 0.97 68.6 0.98
Price increase more than current rate 51.3 1.00 43.7 1.09 46.1 1.02 45.5 1.09 49.2 1.12
Price increase similar to current rate 15.8 0.69 15.5 0.70 15.0 0.69 14.4 0.70 14.4 0.68
Price increase less than current rate 3.5 0.37 4.2 0.40 3.8 0.37 5.2 0.45 5.0 0.46
No changes in prices 26.2 0.87 31.5 0.93 30.5 0.91 30.1 0.92 27.3 0.94
Decline in prices 3.2 0.34 5.1 0.48 4.5 0.41 4.8 0.43 4.1 0.39
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 1(b): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for One Year ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended May-23 Nov-23 Jan-24 Mar-24 May-24
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 89.6 0.61 89.0 0.65 88.7 0.63 87.4 0.67 89.1 0.64
Price increase more than current rate 70.2 1.05 67.2 1.07 66.3 1.06 64.7 1.08 67.9 1.14
Price increase similar to current rate 16.7 0.77 18.4 0.87 19.1 0.83 18.5 0.83 17.8 0.90
Price increase less than current rate 2.7 0.32 3.4 0.38 3.3 0.36 4.2 0.41 3.5 0.41
No changes in prices 7.3 0.50 8.4 0.56 8.2 0.55 9.7 0.59 7.9 0.56
Decline in prices 3.1 0.35 2.7 0.35 3.0 0.36 2.9 0.35 3.0 0.34
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 86.9 0.66 86.1 0.71 86.4 0.68 84.5 0.73 86.0 0.68
Price increase more than current rate 64.6 0.99 63.2 1.06 63.6 1.03 59.5 1.10 62.8 1.10
Price increase similar to current rate 18.3 0.77 18.4 0.83 18.2 0.77 19.8 0.80 18.3 0.86
Price increase less than current rate 4.0 0.40 4.5 0.41 4.7 0.43 5.2 0.45 4.9 0.49
No changes in prices 8.0 0.51 8.8 0.56 8.7 0.53 10.1 0.61 9.3 0.58
Decline in prices 5.2 0.44 5.1 0.44 4.9 0.43 5.4 0.44 4.7 0.39
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 84.1 0.72 82.6 0.78 82.0 0.80 81.1 0.76 82.1 0.79
Price increase more than current rate 62.0 1.05 60.7 1.09 59.1 1.11 56.3 1.09 59.8 1.13
Price increase similar to current rate 17.9 0.77 17.4 0.80 18.6 0.79 19.5 0.82 17.3 0.80
Price increase less than current rate 4.2 0.41 4.5 0.42 4.4 0.41 5.3 0.47 5.1 0.47
No changes in prices 11.1 0.61 12.9 0.65 13.1 0.66 14.1 0.69 12.9 0.68
Decline in prices 4.8 0.43 4.5 0.43 4.8 0.45 4.8 0.44 5.0 0.44
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 76.9 0.83 75.5 0.89 74.8 0.84 74.5 0.83 76.8 0.83
Price increase more than current rate 57.0 1.07 55.3 1.07 54.0 1.06 52.3 1.06 56.0 1.12
Price increase similar to current rate 16.1 0.72 16.3 0.77 16.7 0.69 17.3 0.76 16.4 0.79
Price increase less than current rate 3.7 0.37 3.9 0.39 4.1 0.41 5.0 0.45 4.4 0.44
No changes in prices 16.7 0.71 17.7 0.76 18.3 0.75 18.1 0.76 16.6 0.72
Decline in prices 6.4 0.48 6.8 0.50 6.9 0.49 7.4 0.51 6.6 0.47
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 87.9 0.63 87.9 0.68 88.0 0.65 87.2 0.66 89.2 0.64
Price increase more than current rate 67.4 1.00 68.5 1.02 67.7 0.96 65.6 1.01 68.7 1.02
Price increase similar to current rate 17.1 0.76 16.3 0.78 16.7 0.74 17.2 0.74 16.3 0.75
Price increase less than current rate 3.4 0.34 3.1 0.36 3.6 0.40 4.4 0.39 4.2 0.45
No changes in prices 9.1 0.54 9.4 0.61 9.1 0.55 9.5 0.57 8.4 0.57
Decline in prices 3.0 0.34 2.7 0.34 2.9 0.34 3.3 0.36 2.4 0.31
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 83.2 0.72 80.8 0.81 79.5 0.78 80.1 0.78 82.1 0.77
Price increase more than current rate 61.1 1.05 59.2 1.08 58.8 1.03 56.3 1.08 58.9 1.13
Price increase similar to current rate 18.2 0.81 17.6 0.80 16.6 0.72 18.9 0.78 18.6 0.83
Price increase less than current rate 3.9 0.36 4.0 0.40 4.1 0.40 4.9 0.45 4.6 0.44
No changes in prices 13.7 0.64 16.3 0.74 17.0 0.72 16.0 0.71 14.7 0.71
Decline in prices 3.1 0.34 2.9 0.36 3.5 0.37 3.9 0.38 3.2 0.34
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 2: Inflation Expectations of Various Groups: May-24
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Overall 8.7 0.10 8.0 0.13 9.8 0.10 9.2 0.19 9.6 0.12 9.9 0.19
Gender-wise                        
Male 8.9 0.13 8.3 0.19 9.9 0.13 9.5 0.27 9.7 0.16 10.0 0.23
Female 8.6 0.12 8.0 0.16 9.7 0.13 9.1 0.20 9.6 0.15 9.8 0.23
Category-wise                        
Financial Sector Employees 8.8 0.52 8.2 0.40 9.8 0.51 9.3 0.57 9.5 0.62 9.5 0.53
Other Employees 8.7 0.19 8.0 0.27 9.7 0.20 9.1 0.30 9.8 0.23 9.8 0.32
Self Employed 9.2 0.20 8.6 0.35 10.2 0.22 9.9 0.31 9.7 0.26 10.0 0.30
Homemaker 8.5 0.14 7.9 0.20 9.6 0.15 8.9 0.21 9.6 0.18 9.8 0.25
Retired Persons 9.2 0.36 8.7 0.67 10.4 0.37 9.7 0.75 9.9 0.44 9.9 0.74
Daily Workers 8.5 0.24 8.0 0.33 9.5 0.25 9.1 0.47 8.7 0.32 8.7 0.44
Other category 8.2 0.20 7.3 0.25 9.4 0.22 8.8 0.33 9.7 0.26 9.6 0.42
Age Group-wise                        
Up to 25 years 8.1 0.18 7.3 0.23 9.3 0.20 8.6 0.26 9.6 0.22 9.4 0.35
25 to 30 years 8.6 0.18 7.8 0.25 9.7 0.19 9.2 0.30 9.8 0.21 10.0 0.26
30 to 35 years 8.8 0.20 8.0 0.24 9.7 0.21 9.0 0.32 9.6 0.25 9.7 0.44
35 to 40 years 8.7 0.19 8.0 0.25 9.7 0.20 9.1 0.36 9.5 0.24 9.5 0.38
40 to 45 years 8.8 0.22 8.1 0.27 9.8 0.23 9.0 0.33 9.4 0.27 9.4 0.41
45 to 50 years 8.7 0.22 8.3 0.30 9.8 0.23 9.7 0.42 9.5 0.28 10.0 0.33
50 to 55 years 9.3 0.25 9.2 0.44 10.5 0.28 10.3 0.22 10.0 0.33 10.4 0.22
55 to 60 years 9.1 0.30 8.5 0.31 10.0 0.32 9.0 0.52 9.6 0.38 9.8 0.49
60 years and above 9.2 0.27 9.2 0.65 10.3 0.28 9.9 0.49 9.9 0.34 10.0 0.50
City-wise                        
Ahmedabad 7.4 0.44 6.3 0.39 8.8 0.55 7.6 0.61 8.2 0.65 7.4 0.54
Bengaluru 7.1 0.27 5.8 0.17 8.4 0.27 7.5 0.28 8.9 0.30 8.5 0.39
Bhopal 8.5 0.45 7.6 0.99 10.1 0.47 10.3 0.49 9.0 0.68 9.7 0.93
Bhubaneswar 8.6 0.48 7.8 1.02 10.3 0.52 10.0 1.11 10.5 0.61 10.5 1.11
Chennai 10.1 0.53 10.1 0.54 11.4 0.56 11.2 0.87 11.7 0.52 12.7 1.59
Delhi 8.9 0.23 8.6 0.47 10.0 0.26 9.7 0.41 10.0 0.30 10.1 0.39
Guwahati 8.0 0.44 7.5 0.77 8.7 0.57 8.1 0.85 9.6 0.95 9.5 1.02
Hyderabad 7.7 0.32 6.9 0.41 8.6 0.28 8.1 0.32 8.8 0.35 9.0 0.40
Jaipur 7.5 0.28 7.2 0.40 8.3 0.34 7.7 0.43 7.4 0.63 7.4 0.53
Jammu 10.2 0.65 9.4 0.97 12.4 0.84 12.8 1.30 12.5 0.75 12.9 1.26
Kolkata 10.6 0.29 10.3 0.16 11.7 0.28 11.2 0.58 11.6 0.30 11.8 0.77
Lucknow 9.2 0.60 8.6 0.90 9.6 0.50 9.3 0.79 9.7 0.51 9.6 0.65
Mumbai 8.9 0.24 8.2 0.23 9.9 0.25 9.3 0.35 9.2 0.29 9.8 0.37
Nagpur 8.4 0.48 8.0 0.71 9.7 0.46 9.3 0.75 9.1 0.69 10.1 0.62
Patna 7.4 0.38 7.2 0.46 8.0 0.53 7.5 0.52 7.6 0.43 7.6 0.58
Thiruvananthapuram 8.0 0.58 6.3 0.67 9.3 0.53 8.0 0.49 10.7 0.55 10.3 0.44
Chandigarh 10.8 0.71 10.0 0.62 10.9 0.78 10.4 0.65 10.7 0.78 10.4 0.98
Ranchi 8.5 0.35 7.9 0.29 8.8 0.35 8.1 0.45 7.8 0.59 8.3 0.77
Raipur 10.1 0.61 9.7 0.62 10.6 0.66 9.9 0.89 9.4 0.93 10.6 0.89
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for quantitative responses.

Table 3: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception, Three Months and One Year Ahead Expectations
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
May-23 9.3 0.09 8.8 0.13 10.3 0.10 10.1 0.08 10.2 0.11 10.4 0.08
Nov-23 8.9 0.09 8.2 0.12 9.7 0.09 9.1 0.18 9.6 0.10 10.1 0.10
Jan-24 8.8 0.09 8.1 0.12 9.7 0.09 9.2 0.17 9.6 0.10 10.0 0.13
Mar-24 8.7 0.09 8.1 0.13 9.6 0.09 9.0 0.16 9.5 0.10 9.8 0.19
May-24 8.7 0.10 8.0 0.13 9.8 0.10 9.2 0.19 9.6 0.12 9.9 0.19
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors (SE) for quantitative responses.

Table 4: Households Expecting General Price Movements in Coherence with Movements in Price Expectations of Various Product Groups: Three Months Ahead and One Year Ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Food Non-Food Households durables Housing Cost of services
Three Months Ahead
May-23 67.4 68.6 63.4 67.1 69.1
Nov-23 66.5 61.8 57.0 60.7 66.4
Jan-24 65.2 65.4 60.8 64.2 65.8
Mar-24 65.4 66.1 61.2 64.6 66.8
May-24 67.4 67.2 63.2 67.2 68.0
One Year Ahead
May-23 75.6 75.3 70.7 76.1 76.4
Nov-23 74.8 73.9 68.1 75.3 73.9
Jan-24 76.5 74.1 67.9 74.9 74.6
Mar-24 74.6 73.6 68.3 75.0 74.2
May-24 76.1 74.5 69.5 76.8 75.0

Table 5(a): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and Three Months Ahead Inflation Expectations: May-24
Three Months Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 7 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1-<2 0 23 14 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44
2-<3 1 13 100 68 41 10 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 239
3-<4 0 2 10 92 82 49 13 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 259
4-<5 0 0 10 15 119 94 49 9 9 3 4 0 1 5 6 0 0 0 324
5-<6 1 4 9 30 23 412 205 225 100 9 79 6 0 9 7 11 0 0 1130
6-<7 0 0 1 4 7 10 196 106 78 17 12 9 1 0 5 3 9 0 458
7-<8 0 1 0 1 2 14 14 194 123 60 59 2 9 6 4 0 1 0 490
8-<9 0 0 0 2 2 9 12 7 190 121 109 15 24 8 6 4 2 0 511
9-<10 0 0 0 1 2 4 3 5 3 96 89 36 24 9 17 5 3 0 297
10-<11 0 1 2 2 3 25 3 10 12 9 352 78 166 48 16 230 77 0 1034
11-<12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 29 4 6 10 0 0 59
12-<13 0 0 0 2 2 4 0 1 3 1 3 0 35 15 32 34 9 0 141
13-<14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 3 9 2 0 29
14-<15 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 4 6 0 21
15-<16 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 3 89 119 1 222
>=16 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 0 16 0 0 1 0 11 637 2 674
Total 9 46 147 223 284 637 497 560 519 320 737 154 290 122 120 410 865 3 5943

Table 5(b): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: May-24
One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 5 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1-<2 10 9 6 9 4 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44
2-<3 38 3 41 59 51 27 5 5 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 239
3-<4 28 1 7 34 75 57 24 9 4 4 7 1 0 2 6 0 0 0 259
4-<5 47 0 1 7 71 70 47 22 23 6 14 9 2 3 2 0 0 0 324
5-<6 144 0 1 13 12 184 135 223 127 40 196 8 7 7 11 13 9 0 1130
6-<7 45 0 1 2 8 5 89 96 86 30 48 12 11 5 3 7 10 0 458
7-<8 55 0 0 1 0 4 7 101 104 64 91 15 22 8 7 10 1 0 490
8-<9 52 0 0 0 0 5 5 3 98 76 153 22 46 13 11 19 8 0 511
9-<10 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 63 69 52 45 11 9 14 9 0 297
10-<11 97 0 0 2 2 8 3 2 13 6 196 38 141 38 24 267 197 0 1034
11-<12 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 28 2 18 0 0 59
12-<13 9 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 0 7 0 16 8 22 49 24 0 141
13-<14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 3 9 2 0 29
14-<15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 7 0 21
15-<16 22 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 51 143 0 222
>=16 74 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 12 578 0 674
Total 650 14 58 129 224 370 315 463 466 291 793 164 294 139 111 473 989 0 5943

1 यह सर्वेक्षण भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक के द्वारा द्विमाही अंतरालों पर संचालित किया जाता है; यह निकट भविष्य में मुद्रास्फीतिकारी दबावों पर उत्तरदाताओं से प्राप्त निदेशात्मक जानकारी प्रदान करता है और उनकी स्वयं की खपत प्रवृत्ति को प्रतिबिंबित करता है। सर्वेक्षण के परिणाम उत्तरदाताओं के विचारों को दर्शाते हैं, जो जरूरी नहीं कि रिज़र्व बैंक द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त हों।

2 मुद्रास्फीति प्रत्याशाओं के सभी अनुमान मीडियन के रूप में दिए गए हैं, जब तक अन्यथा न कहा गया हो।

3 पिछले सर्वेक्षण चक्र के परिणाम बैंक की वेबसाइट पर अप्रैल 05, 2024 को जारी किए गए थे। सर्वेक्षण के पिछले चक्रों के लिए यूनिट-स्तर के डेटा, बैंक के भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर डेटाबेस (DBIE) पोर्टल (वेबलिंक: https://dbie.rbi.org.in/#/dbie/home) पर 'यूनिट-स्तर डेटा' शीर्षक के अंतर्गत उपलब्ध हैं।


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