आज भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक ने मई 2021 चक्र के उपभोक्ता विश्वास सर्वेक्षण (CCS)1 के परिणाम जारी किए। कोविद-19 महामारी के चलते, यह सर्वेक्षण अप्रैल 29 से मई 10, 2021 के बीच, टेलीफोन साक्षात्कार द्वारा 13 प्रमुख शहरों – अहमदाबाद, बेंगलुरु, भोपाल, चेन्नई, दिल्ली, गुवाहाटी, हैदराबाद, जयपुर, कोलकाता, लखनऊ, मुंबई, पटना और तिरुवनंतपुरम – में आयोजित किया गया । इन शहरों में सामान्य आर्थिक स्थिति, रोजगार परिदृश्य, समग्र मूल्य स्थिति और स्वयं की आय और व्यय के संबंध में धारणाएं और अपेक्षाएं 5,258 पारिवारिक इकाइयों से प्राप्त की गईं।2
मुख्य विशेषताएं:
I. मौजूदा अवधि के लिए उपभोक्ता विश्वास और कमजोर हुआ; वर्तमान स्थिति सूचकांक (CSI)3, जो जुलाई 2019 से नकारात्मक क्षेत्र में है, सामान्य आर्थिक स्थिति और रोजगार परिदृश्य पर उपभोक्ताओं की कमजोर धारणा के चलते नए सर्वकालिक निचले स्तर पर गिर गया। (चार्ट 1 एवं तालिका 1 और 2)।
II. भविष्य की उम्मीदों का सूचकांक (FEI) महामारी की शुरुआत के बाद दूसरी बार निराशावादी क्षेत्र में गया; यह एक वर्ष की अवधि में सामान्य आर्थिक स्थिति, रोजगार परिदृश्य और घरेलू आय पर अपेक्षाओं में तेज गिरावट से प्रेरित था (तालिका 5)।
नोट: कृपया समय श्रृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फाइल देखें।
III. नवीनतम सर्वेक्षण चक्र में घरेलू व्यय भी कमजोर हुआ, जिसमें आवश्यक व्यय में संतुलन के संकेत दिखाई दे रहे हैं जबकि गैर-आवश्यक व्यय में संकुचन जारी है (तालिका 6, 7 और 8)।
Table 1: Perceptions and Expectations on the General Economic Situation |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Improved |
Remained Same |
Worsened |
Net Response |
Will Improve |
Will Remain Same |
Will Worsen |
Net Response |
May-20 |
14.4 |
11.2 |
74.4 |
-60.0 |
39.6 |
9.0 |
51.4 |
-11.7 |
Jul-20 |
11.9 |
10.3 |
77.8 |
-65.9 |
44.3 |
13.5 |
42.2 |
2.1 |
Sep-20 |
9.0 |
11.4 |
79.6 |
-70.6 |
50.1 |
15.1 |
34.8 |
15.3 |
Nov-20 |
11.0 |
11.5 |
77.5 |
-66.5 |
50.9 |
13.9 |
35.2 |
15.7 |
Jan-21 |
14.3 |
13.6 |
72.2 |
-57.9 |
52.6 |
16.1 |
31.3 |
21.3 |
Mar-21 |
12.1 |
11.9 |
76.0 |
-63.9 |
44.0 |
17.3 |
38.7 |
5.3 |
May-21 |
6.5 |
12.1 |
81.4 |
-75.0 |
33.2 |
15.3 |
51.5 |
-18.3 |
Table 2: Perceptions and Expectations on Employment |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Improved |
Remained Same |
Worsened |
Net Response |
Will Improve |
Will Remain Same |
Will Worsen |
Net Response |
May-20 |
19.2 |
13.4 |
67.4 |
-48.2 |
41.5 |
11.1 |
47.4 |
-5.9 |
Jul-20 |
13.0 |
8.9 |
78.1 |
-65.1 |
48.6 |
13.3 |
38.2 |
10.4 |
Sep-20 |
10.1 |
8.1 |
81.7 |
-71.6 |
54.1 |
14.3 |
31.6 |
22.5 |
Nov-20 |
11.0 |
9.5 |
79.5 |
-68.5 |
52.0 |
14.9 |
33.1 |
18.9 |
Jan-21 |
13.1 |
11.5 |
75.4 |
-62.3 |
55.3 |
16.1 |
28.6 |
26.7 |
Mar-21 |
12.9 |
11.8 |
75.3 |
-62.4 |
46.7 |
17.3 |
36.0 |
10.7 |
May-21 |
7.2 |
10.8 |
82.1 |
-74.9 |
35.4 |
16.1 |
48.5 |
-13.0 |
Table 3: Perceptions and Expectations on Price Level |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
79.1 |
17.5 |
3.4 |
-75.8 |
75.8 |
14.8 |
9.4 |
-66.4 |
Jul-20 |
79.7 |
16.7 |
3.6 |
-76.2 |
71.6 |
18.3 |
10.1 |
-61.5 |
Sep-20 |
82.9 |
14.6 |
2.5 |
-80.4 |
69.5 |
20.5 |
10.0 |
-59.5 |
Nov-20 |
89.7 |
9.0 |
1.4 |
-88.3 |
70.5 |
17.4 |
12.1 |
-58.4 |
Jan-21 |
88.6 |
9.6 |
1.7 |
-86.9 |
73.2 |
17.1 |
9.7 |
-63.5 |
Mar-21 |
93.8 |
5.0 |
1.2 |
-92.6 |
75.0 |
14.4 |
10.6 |
-64.4 |
May-21 |
90.6 |
7.8 |
1.6 |
-89.0 |
73.9 |
16.4 |
9.7 |
-64.3 |
Table 4: Perceptions and Expectations on Rate of Change in Price Level (Inflation)* |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
74.8 |
18.6 |
6.6 |
-68.2 |
73.4 |
19.5 |
7.1 |
-66.3 |
Jul-20 |
79.8 |
15.6 |
4.5 |
-75.3 |
76.4 |
18.6 |
5.0 |
-71.4 |
Sep-20 |
83.0 |
13.1 |
3.9 |
-79.1 |
75.9 |
19.6 |
4.6 |
-71.3 |
Nov-20 |
88.3 |
8.9 |
2.8 |
-85.5 |
78.3 |
16.7 |
4.9 |
-73.4 |
Jan-21 |
83.5 |
13.4 |
3.1 |
-80.4 |
77.7 |
17.2 |
5.0 |
-72.7 |
Mar-21 |
88.8 |
8.5 |
2.7 |
-86.1 |
81.1 |
14.3 |
4.5 |
-76.6 |
May-21 |
87.2 |
10.3 |
2.5 |
-84.7 |
79.3 |
16.7 |
4.0 |
-75.3 |
*Applicable only for those respondents who felt price has increased/price will increase. |
Table 5: Perceptions and Expectations on Income |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
12.6 |
34.0 |
53.4 |
-40.8 |
39.5 |
39.1 |
21.4 |
18.1 |
Jul-20 |
8.3 |
28.9 |
62.8 |
-54.5 |
43.5 |
39.3 |
17.2 |
26.3 |
Sep-20 |
8.9 |
28.4 |
62.7 |
-53.8 |
53.2 |
36.7 |
10.0 |
43.2 |
Nov-20 |
8.4 |
28.5 |
63.1 |
-54.7 |
51.0 |
38.3 |
10.7 |
40.3 |
Jan-21 |
9.9 |
29.2 |
60.9 |
-51.0 |
51.3 |
38.8 |
9.9 |
41.4 |
Mar-21 |
7.9 |
30.5 |
61.6 |
-53.7 |
46.4 |
40.7 |
13.0 |
33.4 |
May-21 |
8.4 |
33.1 |
58.5 |
-50.1 |
42.5 |
42.1 |
15.5 |
27.0 |
Table 6: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
56.1 |
31.0 |
12.9 |
43.2 |
64.3 |
27.0 |
8.7 |
55.6 |
Jul-20 |
48.1 |
34.7 |
17.2 |
30.8 |
60.2 |
29.2 |
10.6 |
49.6 |
Sep-20 |
47.2 |
31.8 |
21.1 |
26.1 |
65.3 |
27.5 |
7.2 |
58.1 |
Nov-20 |
55.6 |
28.5 |
15.9 |
39.7 |
69.1 |
24.9 |
6.1 |
63.0 |
Jan-21 |
53.3 |
28.9 |
17.8 |
35.5 |
66.4 |
26.7 |
6.8 |
59.6 |
Mar-21 |
56.6 |
24.9 |
18.4 |
38.2 |
67.0 |
25.3 |
7.7 |
59.3 |
May-21 |
50.6 |
30.3 |
19.2 |
31.4 |
60.5 |
29.9 |
9.6 |
50.9 |
Table 7: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending- Essential Items |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
69.3 |
20.9 |
9.8 |
59.5 |
73.0 |
20.6 |
6.4 |
66.7 |
Jul-20 |
64.0 |
23.9 |
12.1 |
51.9 |
69.4 |
22.9 |
7.7 |
61.7 |
Sep-20 |
61.4 |
23.9 |
14.7 |
46.7 |
71.9 |
22.8 |
5.3 |
66.6 |
Nov-20 |
68.7 |
20.0 |
11.3 |
57.4 |
75.6 |
19.2 |
5.2 |
70.4 |
Jan-21 |
68.6 |
20.0 |
11.4 |
57.2 |
73.6 |
21.6 |
4.8 |
68.8 |
Mar-21 |
71.1 |
16.0 |
12.9 |
58.2 |
74.6 |
20.0 |
5.4 |
69.2 |
May-21 |
63.2 |
22.3 |
14.5 |
48.7 |
68.1 |
24.6 |
7.3 |
60.8 |
Table 8: Perceptions and Expectations on Spending- Non-Essential Items |
(Percentage responses) |
Survey Round |
Current Perception |
One year ahead Expectation |
Increased |
Remained Same |
Decreased |
Net Response |
Will Increase |
Will Remain Same |
Will Decrease |
Net Response |
May-20 |
13.9 |
39.6 |
46.4 |
-32.5 |
22.0 |
42.4 |
35.6 |
-13.6 |
Jul-20 |
9.2 |
29.4 |
61.4 |
-52.2 |
22.2 |
37.9 |
39.9 |
-17.7 |
Sep-20 |
10.7 |
29.5 |
59.8 |
-49.1 |
31.3 |
37.4 |
31.4 |
-0.1 |
Nov-20 |
11.2 |
27.9 |
60.9 |
-49.7 |
28.7 |
37.3 |
34.0 |
-5.3 |
Jan-21 |
13.3 |
27.1 |
59.7 |
-46.4 |
27.5 |
36.7 |
35.8 |
-8.3 |
Mar-21 |
11.9 |
29.5 |
58.5 |
-46.6 |
24.7 |
38.3 |
37.1 |
-12.4 |
May-21 |
8.7 |
31.5 |
59.7 |
-51.0 |
22.2 |
40.7 |
37.1 |
-14.9 |
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