मुख्य सामग्री पर जाएं
फांट का आकार बढ़ाएं नियमित फांट आकार फांट का आकार घटाएं  डार्क थीम का प्रयोग करें सामान्‍य थीम का प्रयोग करें
English
Click here to Visit the RBI’s new website

Reserve Bank of India

BBBPLogo

प्रकाशन

मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

आज रिजर्व बैंक ने अपने द्विमासिक मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं के सर्वेक्षण (IESH)1 के सितंबर 2021 चक्र के परिणाम जारी किए। सर्वेक्षण 29 अगस्त से 7 सितंबर, 2021 के दौरान 18 प्रमुख शहरों में मुख्य रूप से फील्ड साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से किया गया था और कुल नमूने का लगभग एक प्रतिशत कोविड-19 संबंधित प्रतिबंधों के कारण टेलीफोनिक साक्षात्कार के माध्यम से संचालित किया गया था। इसके परिणाम2 5,958 शहरी परिवारों3 के प्रत्युत्तरों पर आधारित हैं।

विशेष:

  1. लगातार तीसरे सर्वेक्षण चक्र में मौजूदा अवधि के लिए परिवारों की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति धारणा 10 प्रतिशत के आसपास रही [चार्ट 1a और 1b; तालिका 3]।

  2. लगातार तीन चक्रों में वृद्धि के बाद, सितंबर 2021 में तीन महीने और एक वर्ष आगे की अवधि के लिए मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाओं में क्रमशः 50 और 60 आधार अंकों की कमी आई [चार्ट 1a और 1b; तालिका 3]।

  3. 60 प्रतिशत से अधिक उत्तरदाताओं को उम्मीद है कि अगली तिमाही के साथ-साथ अगले एक साल में सामान्य मुद्रास्फीति में वृद्धि होगी। तीन महीने और एक साल की अवधि में सेवाओं की लागत कुछ कम होने की उम्मीद है [तालिका 1a और 1b]।

  4. समग्र मूल्य और मुद्रास्फीति की अपेक्षाएँ आम तौर पर घरेलू टिकाऊ वस्तुओं और आवासीय कीमतों के मुकाबले खाद्य उत्पादों, गैर-खाद्य वस्तुओं और सेवाओं में कीमतों में उतार-चढ़ाव के साथ अधिक संरेखित थीं [तालिका 4]।

Chart 1a & Chart 1b

नोट: कृपया समय शृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें।

Table 1(a): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for Three Months ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Sep-20 Mar-21 May-21 Jul-21 Sep-21
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 81.6 0.78 86.6 0.74 83.7 0.68 85.9 0.79 84.9 0.77
Price increase more than current rate 53.9 1.02 58.4 1.14 58.5 0.91 63.0 1.15 61.5 1.14
Price increase similar to current rate 22.5 0.84 24.1 0.94 21.2 0.76 19.6 0.90 19.9 0.88
Price increase less than current rate 5.2 0.46 4.1 0.50 4.0 0.37 3.3 0.38 3.5 0.40
No changes in prices 15.9 0.74 11.1 0.71 14.0 0.63 11.3 0.70 12.9 0.72
Decline in prices 2.5 0.31 2.3 0.29 2.3 0.30 2.8 0.40 2.2 0.29
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 80.4 0.80 85.2 0.70 84.4 0.72 84.0 0.81 84.8 0.74
Price increase more than current rate 52.6 1.00 61.2 1.01 60.2 0.92 61.0 1.15 61.4 1.08
Price increase similar to current rate 21.2 0.81 18.1 0.81 19.4 0.75 17.6 0.89 18.2 0.80
Price increase less than current rate 6.6 0.51 6.0 0.55 4.8 0.38 5.4 0.53 5.3 0.50
No changes in prices 14.3 0.70 9.3 0.60 11.8 0.63 10.5 0.65 10.8 0.64
Decline in prices 5.3 0.46 5.5 0.45 3.9 0.39 5.5 0.53 4.4 0.40
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 75.8 0.87 81.0 0.78 78.6 0.79 82.6 0.85 82.1 0.82
Price increase more than current rate 47.3 0.99 57.0 1.00 53.1 0.95 59.0 1.17 58.8 1.15
Price increase similar to current rate 21.9 0.82 19.4 0.77 19.8 0.75 18.8 0.92 18.2 0.83
Price increase less than current rate 6.6 0.50 4.7 0.43 5.6 0.44 4.7 0.50 5.1 0.45
No changes in prices 19.2 0.80 12.9 0.69 17.1 0.72 12.3 0.73 13.6 0.73
Decline in prices 5.0 0.45 6.2 0.48 4.3 0.42 5.1 0.51 4.3 0.42
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 56.3 1.02 68.1 0.92 58.8 0.96 65.6 1.10 67.3 0.97
Price increase more than current rate 35.0 0.96 46.0 0.98 37.7 0.94 45.1 1.19 46.5 1.09
Price increase similar to current rate 15.8 0.74 17.7 0.74 16.4 0.70 16.6 0.86 16.2 0.78
Price increase less than current rate 5.5 0.47 4.4 0.44 4.7 0.40 4.0 0.43 4.6 0.43
No changes in prices 30.7 0.94 24.6 0.84 32.2 0.90 25.3 0.99 25.0 0.87
Decline in prices 13.1 0.69 7.3 0.50 9.0 0.56 9.1 0.66 7.7 0.53
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 51.8 0.98 68.9 0.93 54.9 0.94 64.7 1.13 68.7 0.95
Price increase more than current rate 32.8 0.93 48.4 1.03 36.5 0.92 45.9 1.21 49.6 1.07
Price increase similar to current rate 14.4 0.69 16.7 0.75 14.4 0.67 14.5 0.79 15.1 0.77
Price increase less than current rate 4.6 0.43 3.8 0.40 3.9 0.36 4.2 0.46 4.0 0.42
No changes in prices 29.1 0.91 22.2 0.86 30.5 0.89 23.7 0.99 21.9 0.85
Decline in prices 19.1 0.78 8.9 0.54 14.6 0.69 11.6 0.74 9.4 0.59
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 70.3 0.91 75.6 0.90 67.6 0.89 74.3 1.02 73.3 0.93
Price increase more than current rate 45.5 1.01 51.6 1.02 44.6 0.94 52.5 1.19 52.1 1.10
Price increase similar to current rate 19.1 0.79 19.4 0.79 18.0 0.71 17.3 0.83 16.8 0.75
Price increase less than current rate 5.7 0.47 4.5 0.44 5.0 0.40 4.5 0.45 4.4 0.41
No changes in prices 25.8 0.88 20.8 0.84 29.2 0.87 22.0 0.95 23.7 0.90
Decline in prices 3.9 0.38 3.6 0.36 3.2 0.35 3.7 0.43 3.0 0.33
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 1(b): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for One Year ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Sep-20 Mar-21 May-21 Jul-21 Sep-21
General Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Prices will increase 84.8 0.73 88.7 0.61 86.9 0.65 86.8 0.78 87.7 0.72
Price increase more than current rate 59.6 1.00 63.4 1.07 62.4 0.91 65.6 1.18 66.5 1.10
Price increase similar to current rate 20.4 0.82 21.4 0.87 20.3 0.75 18.3 0.93 18.0 0.85
Price increase less than current rate 4.7 0.43 3.8 0.44 4.2 0.38 2.9 0.38 3.3 0.36
No changes in prices 12.1 0.67 8.5 0.54 10.4 0.58 10.1 0.68 9.3 0.61
Decline in prices 3.1 0.35 2.8 0.32 2.7 0.33 3.1 0.41 2.9 0.36
Food Product                    
Prices will increase 77.3 0.85 81.7 0.74 81.7 0.76 80.8 0.87 81.6 0.79
Price increase more than current rate 48.3 0.99 54.6 1.01 53.5 0.95 55.9 1.18 57.4 1.12
Price increase similar to current rate 22.5 0.82 22.2 0.83 22.6 0.77 20.7 0.98 19.5 0.89
Price increase less than current rate 6.4 0.51 4.9 0.46 5.6 0.43 4.2 0.45 4.7 0.45
No changes in prices 14.8 0.72 12.0 0.61 12.5 0.64 12.6 0.73 11.9 0.66
Decline in prices 7.9 0.55 6.3 0.45 5.8 0.46 6.6 0.54 6.5 0.47
Non- Food Product                    
Prices will increase 75.7 0.87 79.9 0.79 79.2 0.78 80.3 0.91 81.5 0.81
Price increase more than current rate 47.3 1.00 54.0 1.02 51.8 0.96 56.8 1.21 57.9 1.13
Price increase similar to current rate 22.2 0.83 21.4 0.83 21.8 0.76 19.0 0.91 19.5 0.85
Price increase less than current rate 6.1 0.49 4.6 0.44 5.7 0.44 4.6 0.48 4.1 0.40
No changes in prices 18.2 0.78 13.4 0.66 15.8 0.70 13.4 0.76 13.2 0.71
Decline in prices 6.1 0.49 6.6 0.47 5.0 0.44 6.2 0.57 5.3 0.42
Household Durables                    
Prices will increase 62.3 0.98 70.3 0.90 64.7 0.94 69.1 1.06 71.5 0.98
Price increase more than current rate 38.8 0.98 47.2 0.98 41.2 0.94 47.0 1.18 49.4 1.10
Price increase similar to current rate 18.4 0.77 18.8 0.74 18.6 0.72 18.3 0.88 17.5 0.83
Price increase less than current rate 5.1 0.45 4.4 0.42 4.9 0.39 3.8 0.41 4.5 0.45
No changes in prices 26.5 0.88 22.7 0.81 26.7 0.86 22.7 0.97 22.3 0.89
Decline in prices 11.2 0.64 6.9 0.48 8.6 0.55 8.2 0.62 6.2 0.47
Cost of Housing                    
Prices will increase 63.9 0.95 75.7 0.86 65.4 0.93 71.8 1.08 76.5 0.87
Price increase more than current rate 42.0 0.99 53.8 1.04 43.5 0.97 50.9 1.21 55.2 1.09
Price increase similar to current rate 17.4 0.75 18.3 0.79 17.5 0.71 16.6 0.87 16.8 0.81
Price increase less than current rate 4.6 0.43 3.6 0.38 4.5 0.40 4.2 0.44 4.5 0.43
No changes in prices 23.8 0.85 17.8 0.76 23.3 0.83 19.8 0.92 17.3 0.78
Decline in prices 12.2 0.67 6.5 0.48 11.2 0.62 8.4 0.68 6.2 0.47
Cost of Services                    
Prices will increase 76.8 0.86 81.4 0.75 76.5 0.82 80.9 0.88 79.8 0.85
Price increase more than current rate 48.5 1.01 55.2 1.02 50.0 0.94 55.9 1.17 56.7 1.14
Price increase similar to current rate 22.0 0.83 21.5 0.82 21.3 0.75 20.5 0.91 18.8 0.85
Price increase less than current rate 6.3 0.50 4.7 0.44 5.2 0.43 4.5 0.47 4.3 0.43
No changes in prices 19.6 0.81 15.2 0.67 20.1 0.77 15.7 0.80 16.6 0.77
Decline in prices 3.6 0.37 3.4 0.35 3.4 0.36 3.4 0.42 3.6 0.38
Note:
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 2: Inflation Expectations of Various Groups: Sep-21
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Overall 10.4 0.11 10.2 0.06 11.4 0.11 10.8 0.10 10.8 0.13 10.9 0.16
Gender-wise                        
Male 10.8 0.14 10.4 0.07 11.7 0.13 11.5 0.48 11.0 0.16 11.5 0.50
Female 10.0 0.16 9.8 0.32 11.3 0.15 10.7 0.11 10.6 0.18 10.7 0.11
Category-wise                        
Financial Sector Employees 10.4 0.56 9.5 0.80 11.6 0.57 11.5 1.23 10.4 0.77 10.2 1.48
Other Employees 10.5 0.19 10.3 0.10 11.5 0.20 11.0 0.27 11.0 0.23 11.2 0.46
Self Employed 10.9 0.22 10.4 0.11 11.8 0.21 11.7 0.61 10.8 0.26 11.2 0.56
Homemaker 9.9 0.19 9.5 0.39 11.1 0.18 10.6 0.11 10.4 0.22 10.6 0.11
Retired Persons 11.4 0.34 10.8 0.33 12.3 0.34 13.9 1.18 11.5 0.41 13.3 1.18
Daily Workers 10.8 0.26 10.3 0.17 11.8 0.25 11.7 0.65 11.4 0.29 12.1 0.78
Other category 9.7 0.24 9.2 0.52 11.1 0.24 10.5 0.18 10.6 0.29 10.9 0.42
Age Group-wise                        
Up to 25 years 9.3 0.20 8.5 0.24 10.6 0.20 10.2 0.19 10.2 0.24 10.4 0.15
25 to 30 years 10.2 0.20 9.9 0.32 11.2 0.20 10.6 0.17 10.5 0.26 10.6 0.16
30 to 35 years 10.1 0.21 10.0 0.24 11.1 0.21 10.5 0.12 10.7 0.26 10.7 0.25
35 to 40 years 10.5 0.22 10.2 0.15 11.6 0.21 11.1 0.45 10.9 0.27 11.0 0.47
40 to 45 years 10.9 0.23 10.5 0.09 11.9 0.22 11.9 0.61 11.3 0.29 12.0 0.65
45 to 50 years 11.0 0.23 10.5 0.12 12.0 0.24 12.2 0.64 11.3 0.30 12.5 0.89
50 to 55 years 10.9 0.32 10.5 0.11 12.0 0.31 13.0 1.24 10.9 0.41 11.7 0.98
55 to 60 years 11.0 0.31 10.6 0.20 12.0 0.30 12.7 1.04 11.1 0.41 12.2 0.81
60 years and above 11.3 0.31 10.7 0.36 12.1 0.30 13.3 1.42 11.3 0.39 13.0 1.22
City-wise                        
Ahmedabad 11.2 0.63 10.8 1.34 12.3 0.60 13.1 1.97 11.8 0.60 13.3 1.91
Bengaluru 10.0 0.32 10.0 0.49 11.2 0.33 11.1 0.72 11.1 0.39 12.3 1.45
Bhopal 8.8 0.66 8.1 1.65 10.2 0.69 10.1 1.14 9.8 0.65 10.1 1.05
Bhubaneswar 9.5 0.57 9.0 1.32 10.2 0.51 10.0 0.74 8.1 1.11 8.8 1.77
Chennai 10.5 0.39 10.4 0.15 11.8 0.36 11.8 1.28 11.7 0.44 13.6 1.51
Delhi 10.8 0.23 10.4 0.10 11.9 0.23 11.9 0.73 11.2 0.28 12.0 0.89
Guwahati 8.5 0.58 7.7 0.59 8.9 0.73 8.3 0.66 8.5 1.09 8.9 1.16
Hyderabad 11.3 0.52 11.0 1.01 12.7 0.47 15.4 0.84 11.0 0.54 14.0 1.52
Jaipur 9.2 0.29 9.3 0.35 10.0 0.40 10.0 0.36 9.9 0.36 10.2 0.30
Kolkata 10.4 0.29 10.0 0.26 11.5 0.28 11.1 0.47 11.5 0.27 11.7 0.57
Lucknow 10.7 0.53 9.8 0.81 11.1 0.49 10.4 0.68 10.0 0.60 10.2 0.58
Mumbai 10.9 0.34 10.2 0.35 11.7 0.32 11.2 0.72 10.1 0.43 10.5 0.48
Nagpur 9.0 0.53 7.8 0.93 10.6 0.53 9.7 1.09 10.1 0.61 9.7 0.75
Patna 9.6 0.61 8.9 0.60 10.2 0.65 9.7 0.77 10.2 0.67 9.8 0.78
Thiruvananthapuram 6.0 0.53 5.2 0.36 7.7 0.55 6.4 0.69 8.8 0.65 8.5 1.06
Chandigarh 9.4 0.63 9.0 0.86 9.1 0.59 8.9 0.54 8.8 0.87 8.7 0.76
Ranchi 8.2 0.29 8.1 0.36 8.6 0.31 8.7 0.47 7.7 0.52 8.4 0.89
Raipur 7.1 0.37 6.8 0.25 8.6 0.42 8.0 0.30 11.4 0.89 11.5 0.96
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 3: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception, Three Months and One Year Ahead Expectations
  Current Perception Three Months ahead Expectation One Year ahead Expectation
Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median
Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE
Sep-20 9.9 0.10 9.8 0.25 10.8 0.10 10.4 0.07 9.9 0.12 10.3 0.08
Mar-21 9.4 0.11 8.7 0.16 10.4 0.11 10.1 0.11 10.0 0.12 10.2 0.09
May-21 10.4 0.09 10.2 0.04 11.4 0.09 10.8 0.07 10.7 0.11 10.9 0.12
Jul-21 10.5 0.11 10.3 0.06 11.7 0.11 11.3 0.42 11.0 0.13 11.5 0.49
Sep-21 10.4 0.11 10.2 0.06 11.4 0.11 10.8 0.10 10.8 0.13 10.9 0.16
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 4: Households Expecting General Price Movements in Coherence with Movements in Price Expectations of Various Product Groups: Three Months Ahead and One Year Ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended Food Non-Food Households durables Housing Cost of services
Three Months Ahead
Sep-20 62.1 61.0 50.4 45.9 60.5
Mar-21 67.0 65.7 57.4 58.6 65.1
May-21 68.0 65.1 51.8 50.3 60.5
Jul-21 67.6 69.0 58.4 56.9 65.0
Sep-21 68.9 69.0 59.4 59.9 66.5
One Year Ahead
Sep-20 63.0 64.8 55.5 53.6 66.6
Mar-21 69.6 70.1 62.4 65.5 71.6
May-21 68.3 67.1 57.7 57.1 67.2
Jul-21 70.1 71.0 63.3 63.5 71.4
Sep-21 71.4 72.8 64.7 67.0 73.6
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(a): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and Three Months Ahead Inflation Expectations: Sep-21
Three Months Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
1-<2 1 15 15 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
2-<3 0 9 44 38 23 15 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 134
3-<4 0 1 9 68 28 40 11 2 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 166
4-<5 0 1 3 7 72 63 33 10 11 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 208
5-<6 0 3 5 16 23 320 122 166 91 9 100 0 2 0 0 15 1 0 873
6-<7 1 0 0 3 5 1 107 61 84 23 24 2 2 0 1 0 2 0 316
7-<8 0 1 0 1 3 7 4 171 87 74 62 8 5 2 3 1 3 0 432
8-<9 1 0 1 0 2 2 4 2 166 76 142 20 15 2 2 2 3 0 440
9-<10 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 3 5 85 52 33 22 6 5 4 2 1 222
10-<11 0 0 3 0 0 21 5 7 23 12 388 58 164 48 15 264 150 1 1159
11-<12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 16 15 11 2 10 4 0 60
12-<13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 41 6 18 23 17 0 109
13-<14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 5 14 5 0 36
14-<15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 17 6 12 0 37
15-<16 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 9 0 3 2 1 87 173 0 280
>=16 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 21 0 2 0 1 17 1380 11 1441
Total 6 32 81 138 159 485 290 424 472 279 812 138 272 90 70 443 1754 13 5958
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(b): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: Sep-21
One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)   <1 1-<2 2-<3 3-<4 4-<5 5-<6 6-<7 7-<8 8-<9 9-<10 10-<11 11-<12 12-<13 13-<14 14-<15 15-<16 >=16 No idea Total
<1 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
1-<2 8 10 7 7 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38
2-<3 21 1 22 21 31 18 8 0 7 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 134
3-<4 28 0 4 30 23 43 14 2 8 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 166
4-<5 24 0 1 3 34 44 39 15 18 3 16 0 5 0 1 2 3 0 208
5-<6 109 0 6 6 6 179 73 139 86 24 170 8 10 2 4 30 21 0 873
6-<7 43 0 0 0 1 1 59 34 70 28 48 1 13 3 3 7 5 0 316
7-<8 50 0 0 0 1 5 3 97 62 63 88 12 20 2 8 12 9 0 432
8-<9 47 0 0 0 1 0 5 3 99 50 142 21 33 7 4 15 13 0 440
9-<10 17 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 62 45 27 34 8 4 14 6 0 222
10-<11 134 0 0 1 0 9 2 6 18 10 230 36 127 39 19 250 276 2 1159
11-<12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 11 12 5 5 13 8 0 60
12-<13 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 28 4 10 27 25 0 109
13-<14 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 3 10 9 0 36
14-<15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 8 6 15 0 37
15-<16 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 3 0 58 190 1 280
>=16 199 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 13 0 0 1 1 19 1196 7 1441
Total 727 11 42 69 100 306 206 299 370 245 773 116 286 86 70 464 1778 10 5958
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

1 सर्वेक्षण के परिणाम उत्तरदाताओं के विचारों को दर्शाते हैं, जो जरूरी नहीं कि रिज़र्व बैंक द्वारा मान्यता प्राप्त हों। पिछले सर्वेक्षण चक्र के परिणाम बैंक की वेबसाइट पर अगस्त 6, 2021 को जारी किए गए थे।

2 यह सर्वेक्षण भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक के द्वारा द्विमाही अंतरालों पर संचालित किया जाता है। यह सर्वेक्षण निकट भविष्य में मुद्रास्फीतिकारी दबावों पर उत्तरदाताओं से प्राप्त यथापेक्षित उपयोगी निदेशात्मक जानकारी प्रदान करता है और उनकी स्वयं की खपत प्रवृत्ति को प्रतिबिंबित करता है। अतः इन्हें मुद्रास्फीति पर पारिवारिक इकाइयो की भावनाओं के रूप में माना जाना चाहिए।

3 सर्वेक्षण के पिछले चक्रों के लिए यूनिट-स्तर के डेटा, बैंक के भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर डेटाबेस (DBIE) पोर्टल पर उपलब्ध हैं (वेबलिंक : https://dbie.rbi.org.in/DBIE/dbie.rbi?site=unitLevelData)।


2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
पुरालेख
Server 214
शीर्ष