The Indian economy is expected to witness gradual strengthening of growth in 2017-18 and 2018-19, according to the 25 forecasters who responded to the Reserve Bank’s survey. A gradual rise in headline consumer price inflation from current levels to 4.6 per cent by Q1:2018-19 is also projected by them. The Reserve Bank has been conducting the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) since September 2007. The 47th round of the survey was conducted during July 20172 in which 25 forecasters participated. The survey results are summarised in terms of their median forecasts and consolidated in the Annex along with quarterly paths. Highlights: 1. Output -
Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Real Gross Value Added (GVA) are expected to grow by 7.4 per cent and 7.2 per cent, respectively, in 2017-18, and by 40 basis points (bps) higher in 2018-19 (Table 1). - Consumption and investment are both expected to improve, with the latter supported by a higher saving rate.
| Table 1: Median Forecast of Growth in Real GDP, GVA and Components | | (in per cent) | | | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | | Real GDP Growth | 7.4
(0.0) | 7.8
(0.0) | | Real GVA Growth | 7.2
(0.0) | 7.6
(-0.1) | | a. Agriculture and Allied Activities | 3.5
(0.0) | 3.0
(0.0) | | b. Industry | 7.2
(0.0) | 7.6
(0.0) | | c. Services | 8.3
(0.0) | 8.8
(0.0) | Private Final Consumption Expenditure
(growth rate in per cent) | 12.5
(+0.4) | 12.6
(0.0) | Gross Saving Rate
(per cent of GNDI) | 32.0
(+0.2) | 32.3
(0.0) | Gross Fixed Capital Formation Rate
(per cent of GDP) | 28.0
(0.0) | 29.0
(-0.5) | | Note: In all the tables, the figures in parentheses indicate the extent of revision in median forecasts (percentage points) relative to the previous SPF round. | 2. Inflation -
Headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation is expected to rise from current levels and gradually increase to 4.6 per cent in Q1:2018-19. Core inflation (i.e., CPI excluding food and beverages, pan, tobacco and intoxicants, and fuel and light), which is currently higher than headline inflation, is also expected to be around 4.6 per cent in Q1:2018-19 (Table 2). -
WPI headline inflation is expected to range between 2.1-2.5 per cent up to Q1:2018-19. - Forecasters have lowered their inflation projections for all quarters of 2017-18, as compared with the previous survey round.
| Table 2: Median Forecast of Quarterly Inflation | | (in per cent) | | | Q2:17-18 | Q3:17-18 | Q4:17-18 | Q1:18-19 | | CPI Headline | 2.5
(-1.1) | 3.7
(-0.8) | 4.3
(-0.7) | 4.6 | | CPI excluding food & beverages, pan, tobacco & intoxicants and fuel & light | 4.1
(-0.7) | 4.5
(-0.3) | 4.8
(0.0) | 4.6 | | WPI Headline | 2.1
(-1.4) | 2.2
(-1.5) | 2.2
(-0.8) | 2.5 | | WPI Non-food Manufactured Products | 2.5
(+0.1) | 2.4
(+0.3) | 2.1
(-0.1) | 2.2 | 3. External Sector -
Exports and imports (in US dollar terms) are expected to grow in the range of 7.5-9.0 per cent over the next two years (Table 3). -
The current account deficit (CAD) is forecast to rise gradually to 1.2 per cent of GDP in 2017-18 and further to 1.4 per cent in the next year. | Table 3: Median Forecast of Select External Sector Variables | | | 2017-18 | 2018-19 | Merchandise Exports – in US $ terms
(annual growth in per cent) | 7.5
(+0.1) | 7.6
(0.0) | Merchandise Imports– in US $ terms
(annual growth in per cent) | 9.0
(-0.6) | 8.0
(+0.5) | Current Account Deficit
(Ratio to GDP at current market price in per cent) | 1.2
(-0.1) | 1.4
(-0.1) | 4. Medium-term and Long-term Forecasts
The Reserve Bank thanks the following institutions for their participation in this round of the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF): Arun Singh, Dun & Bradstreet India; Gaurav Kapur, IndusInd Bank; PHD Research Bureau; Sameer Narang, IDFC Bank;Shailesh Kejariwal, B&K Securities India Pvt Ltd;Siddharth Kothari, Sunidhi Securities & Finance Ltd; and Vikram Murarka, Kshitij Consultancy Services. The Bank also acknowledges the contribution of 18 others SPF panelists to the survey, who preferred to remain anonymous. |
Annex | Table A.1: Annual Forecasts for 2017-18 | | | Key Macroeconomic Indicators | Annual Forecasts for 2017-18 | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | 1st quartile | 3rd quartile | | 1 | GDP at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.4 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.5 | | 2 | GVA at basic prices at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth rate (per cent) | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.3 | | a | Agriculture & Allied Activities (growth rate in per cent) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.7 | | b | Industry (growth rate in per cent) | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.7 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 7.4 | | c | Services (growth rate in per cent) | 8.2 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 8.5 | | 3 | Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) at current prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 12.1 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 7.6 | 11.6 | 13.2 | | 4 | Gross Saving Rate (per cent of Gross National Disposable Income) - at current prices | 31.9 | 32.0 | 35.2 | 29.7 | 30.8 | 32.5 | | 5 | Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Rate (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 28.6 | 28.0 | 33.8 | 26.0 | 26.9 | 29.7 | | 6 | Fiscal Deficit of Central Govt. (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | | 7 | Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit (per cent to GDP) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | | 8 | Bank Credit - Scheduled commercial banks: Annual Growth (per cent) | 9.3 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 10.0 | | 9 | Yield on 10-Year G-Sec of Central Govt. (end-period) | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.8 | | 10 | Yield on 91-day T-Bill of Central Govt. (end-period) | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | | 11 | BSE Sensex (end-December) | 31500 | 32000 | 33500 | 28000 | 30000 | 32750 | | 12 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis - In US $ bn. | 301.0 | 300.1 | 322.0 | 289.9 | 296.5 | 302.7 | | 13 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis - Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.9 | 7.5 | 17.2 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 8.1 | | 14 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis - In US $ bn. | 427.3 | 427.3 | 448.2 | 394.0 | 420.8 | 435.5 | | 15 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis - Annual Growth (per cent) | 9.6 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 12.2 | | 16 | Current Account Balance - In US $ bn. | -26.0 | -29.7 | 20.9 | -40.2 | -34.9 | -23.6 | | 17 | Current Account Balance - Ratio to GDP at current market price (per cent) | -0.9 | -1.2 | 1.5 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -1.0 | | 18 | Overall BoP - In US $ bn. | 30.0 | 27.1 | 53.7 | 12.0 | 23.4 | 40.4 | | 19 | Inflation based on CPI-Combined - Headline | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 3.9 | | 20 | Inflation based on CPI-Combined - excluding 'Food & Beverages', 'Pan, Tobacco & Intoxicants' and 'Fuel & Light' | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 | | 21 | Inflation based on WPI - All Commodities | 2.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 3.0 | | 22 | Inflation based on WPI -Non-food Manufactured Products | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.6 | -1.6 | 1.5 | 2.6 |
| Table A.2: Annual Forecasts for 2018-19 | | | Key Macroeconomic Indicators | Annual Forecasts for 2018-19 | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | 1st quartile | 3rd quartile | | 1 | GDP at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.8 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.0 | | 2 | GVA at basic prices at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth rate (per cent) | 7.6 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 | | a | Agriculture & Allied Activities (growth rate in per cent) | 3.2 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | | b | Industry (growth rate in per cent) | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 8.0 | | c | Services (growth rate in per cent) | 8.8 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.0 | | 3 | Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) at current prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 12.0 | 12.6 | 14.0 | 7.9 | 11.5 | 13.4 | | 4 | Gross Saving Rate (per cent of Gross National Disposable Income) - at current prices | 31.9 | 32.3 | 34.5 | 30.0 | 30.7 | 32.6 | | 5 | Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Rate (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 29.1 | 29.0 | 34.0 | 26.6 | 27.5 | 30.1 | | 6 | Fiscal Deficit of Central Govt. (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | | 7 | Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit (per cent to GDP) | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.3 | | 8 | Bank Credit - Scheduled commercial banks: Annual Growth (per cent) | 11.3 | 11.0 | 15.0 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 12.1 | | 9 | Yield on 10-Year G-Sec of Central Govt. (end-period) | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.7 | | 10 | Yield on 91-day T-Bill of Central Govt. (end-period) | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.1 | | 11 | BSE Sensex (end-December) | 34333 | 35000 | 35000 | 33000 | 33000 | 35000 | | 12 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis - In US $ bn. | 325.4 | 323.7 | 349.3 | 303.9 | 317.3 | 336.6 | | 13 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis - Annual Growth (per cent) | 8.0 | 7.6 | 12.2 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 9.8 | | 14 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis - In US $ bn. | 467.4 | 464.5 | 515.4 | 441.4 | 450.7 | 483.0 | | 15 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis - Annual Growth (per cent) | 8.4 | 8.0 | 15.0 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 10.0 | | 16 | Current Account Balance - In US $ bn. | -36.4 | -41.0 | 11.0 | -55.8 | -44.4 | -33.3 | | 17 | Current Account Balance - Ratio to GDP at current market price (per cent) | -1.2 | -1.4 | 1.5 | -2.0 | -1.5 | -1.3 | | 18 | Overall BoP - In US $ bn. | 25.6 | 21.4 | 47.5 | 14.9 | 17.6 | 31.9 | | 19 | Inflation based on CPI-Combined - Headline | 4.5 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.6 | | 20 | Inflation based on CPI-Combined - excluding 'Food & Beverages', 'Pan, Tobacco & Intoxicants' and 'Fuel & Light' | 4.6 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | | 21 | Inflation based on WPI - All Commodities | 3.3 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.7 | | 22 | Inflation based on WPI -Non-food Manufactured Products | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.9 |
| Table A.3: Quarterly Forecasts from Q1:2017-18 to Q1:2018-19 | | | Key Macroeconomic Indicators | Quarterly Forecasts | | Q1: 2017-18 | Q2: 2017-18 | Q3: 2017-18 | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | | 1 | GDP at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.0 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.1 | | 2 | GVA at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 6.9 | | a | Agriculture & Allied Activities (growth rate in per cent) | 4.0 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 1.6 | | b | Industry (growth rate in per cent) | 6.2 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 5.0 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 5.7 | | c | Services (growth rate in per cent) | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 7.1 | | 3 | PFCE at current prices: Y-on-Y Growth (per cent) | 11.9 | 11.8 | 13.5 | 10.6 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 13.6 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 15.3 | 11.0 | | 4 | GFCF Rate (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 28.5 | 28.3 | 33.9 | 26.5 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 32.5 | 25.8 | 27.7 | 27.0 | 30.5 | 25.8 | | 5 | IIP (2011-12=100): Quarterly Average Growth (per cent) | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 1.6 | | 6 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis (in US$ bn.) | 73.2 | 73.7 | 77.7 | 68.5 | 73.1 | 73.1 | 78.1 | 66.0 | 74.0 | 73.2 | 79.1 | 66.9 | | 7 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis (in US$ bn.) | 110.2 | 112.0 | 121.0 | 100.7 | 103.9 | 104.4 | 115.0 | 89.4 | 107.2 | 108.1 | 117.3 | 90.0 | | 8 | Rupee - US_Dollar Exchange rate (RBI reference rate) (end-period) | 64.73 | 64.74 | 64.84 | 64.50 | 64.98 | 64.82 | 67.80 | 63.15 | 65.40 | 65.25 | 68.60 | 63.14 | | 9 | Crude Oil (Indian basket) price (US $ per barrel) (end-period) | 46.72 | 46.72 | 46.72 | 46.72 | 50.22 | 49.18 | 57.00 | 46.00 | 50.71 | 50.00 | 60.00 | 43.58 | | 10 | Repo Rate (end-period) | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.08 | 6.00 | 6.25 | 6.00 | 6.03 | 6.00 | 6.25 | 5.75 | | 11 | Cash Reserve Ratio (end-period) | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| | Key Macroeconomic Indicators | Quarterly Forecasts | | Q4: 2017-18 | Q1: 2018-19 | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | | 1 | GDP at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 7.2 | | 2 | GVA at constant (2011-12) prices: Annual Growth (per cent) | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.1 | | a | Agriculture & Allied Activities (growth rate in per cent) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.4 | | b | Industry (growth rate in per cent) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 9.9 | 4.1 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 4.9 | | c | Services (growth rate in per cent) | 8.4 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 7.9 | | 3 | PFCE at current prices: Y-on-Y Growth (per cent) | 12.8 | 12.5 | 16.2 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 10.1 | | 4 | GFCF Rate (per cent of GDP at current market prices) | 28.1 | 28.5 | 31.9 | 24.9 | 28.6 | 28.0 | 31.0 | 26.9 | | 5 | IIP (2011-12=100): Quarterly Average Growth (per cent) | 4.5 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 2.5 | | 6 | Merchandise Exports - BoP basis (in US$ bn.) | 78.6 | 79.3 | 84.8 | 67.5 | 77.6 | 77.3 | 83.2 | 73.6 | | 7 | Merchandise Imports - BoP basis (in US$ bn.) | 108.7 | 107.9 | 119.8 | 91.5 | 114.0 | 111.1 | 128.9 | 105.5 | | 8 | Rupee - US_Dollar Exchange rate (RBI reference rate) (end-period) | 65.53 | 65.45 | 68.00 | 64.00 | 65.54 | 65.50 | 67.00 | 63.93 | | 9 | Crude Oil (Indian basket) price (US $ per barrel) (end-period) | 50.71 | 50.00 | 60.00 | 41.80 | 51.68 | 51.79 | 60.00 | 43.00 | | 10 | Repo Rate (end-period) | 5.99 | 6.00 | 6.50 | 5.75 | 5.98 | 6.00 | 6.50 | 5.75 | | 11 | Cash Reserve Ratio (end-period) | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Table A.4: Forecasts of CPI-Combined Inflation | | (per cent) | | | CPI Combined Headline | Core CPI Combined
(excluding ‘Food & Beverages’, 'Pan, Tobacco & Intoxicants' and ‘Fuel & Light’) | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | | Q2:2017-18 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 3.5 | | Q3:2017-18 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 2.9 | | Q4:2017-18 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 2.9 | | Q1:2018-19 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 6.7 | 3.3 |
| Table A.5: Forecasts of WPI Inflation | | (per cent) | | | WPI Headline | WPI-Manufactured Products | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | | Q2:2017-18 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | -1.6 | | Q3:2017-18 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.4 | -1.2 | | Q4:2017-18 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 4.0 | -0.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 3.5 | -1.0 | | Q1:2018-19 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 1.1 |
| Table A.6: Mean probabilities attached to possible outcomes of Real GVA growth | | Growth Range | Forecasts for 2017-18 | Forecasts for 2018-19 | | 10.0 per cent or more | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 9.5 to 9.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 9.0 to 9.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 8.5 to 8.9 per cent | 0.01 | 0.02 | | 8.0 to 8.4 per cent | 0.03 | 0.15 | | 7.5 to 7.9 per cent | 0.18 | 0.46 | | 7.0 to 7.4 per cent | 0.51 | 0.25 | | 6.5 to 6.9 per cent | 0.20 | 0.05 | | 6.0 to 6.4 per cent | 0.03 | 0.01 | | 5.5 to 5.9 per cent | 0.01 | 0.03 | | 5.0 to 5.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 4.5 to 4.9 per cent | 0.01 | 0.01 | | 4.0 to 4.4 per cent | 0.03 | 0.02 | | 3.5 to 3.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 3.0 to 3.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 2.5 to 2.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 2.0 to 2.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Below 2.0 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Table A.7: Mean probabilities attached to possible outcomes of CPI (Combined) inflation | | Inflation Range | Forecasts for March 2018 | Forecasts for March 2019 | | 8.0 per cent or above | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 7.5 to 7.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 7.0 to 7.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 6.5 to 6.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 6.0 to 6.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.01 | | 5.5 to 5.9 per cent | 0.03 | 0.07 | | 5.0 to 5.4 per cent | 0.06 | 0.09 | | 4.5 to 4.9 per cent | 0.18 | 0.31 | | 4.0 to 4.4 per cent | 0.35 | 0.33 | | 3.5 to 3.9 per cent | 0.27 | 0.15 | | 3.0 to 3.4 per cent | 0.10 | 0.03 | | 2.5 to 2.9 per cent | 0.01 | 0.01 | | 2.0 to 2.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.01 | | 1.5 to 1.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 1.0 to 1.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 0.5 to 0.9 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | 0 to 0.4 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Below 0 per cent | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Table A.8: Annual Average Percentage Change | | | Annual average percentage change over the next five years | Annual average percentage change over the next ten years | | Mean | Median | Max | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Min | | Real GVA | 7.7 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 7.0 | | CPI Combined | 4.3 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 3.0 | Note: CPI: Consumer Price Index; GDP: Gross Domestic Product; GNDI: Gross National Disposable Income; GVA: Gross Value Added; IIP: Index of Industrial Production; WPI: Wholesale Price Index.
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