| S. No. |
Data Elements |
Harmonised Definitions |
| Assets |
| 1 |
Cash in India/ Cash in Hand |
Consist of (i) total amount of rupee notes and coins held by bank branches / ATMs / Cash deposit machines maintained by banks in India, including transit cash on bank’s books as also cash with Business correspondents (BCs), but excluding cash, where physical possession is with outsourced vendors/BCs, which is not replenished in bank’s ATM and/or is not reflected on bank’s books. (ii) In addition to (i) above, the foreign currency held by a bank would be included under cash in its balance sheet. |
| 2 |
Deemed Cash |
Consists of (a) cash deposit/balances by a scheduled bank (including banks incorporated outside India)/ non-scheduled bank with the Reserve Bank, in excess of required CRR balances, (b) securities deposited with the Reserve Bank, to the extent unencumbered, by a bank incorporated outside India and (c) Net balances in current accounts with other banks in India (as defined in the Explanation to sub-section (1) of Section 18 of the BR Act, read with section 56 thereof). |
| 3 |
Balances with banks |
Balances of banks in their (a) current account/s and (b) other deposit account/s maintained with other banks in India (including cooperative banks) / outside India as per banks’ own books. Balances with banks outside India includes debit balances in Nostro accounts, balances held by foreign branches with banks outside India as well as balances held by the Indian branches with banks outside India. Balances held with foreign branches by other branches of the bank should not be shown under this head but should be included in inter-branch accounts. Money at Call and short notices (with banks and others) are shown under separate sub head “money at call and short notice” and not under “balances with banks”. |
| 4 |
Bank Credit |
Bank Credit is synonymous with ‘Gross loans and Advances’ and includes all types of credit facilities such as cash credit, overdrafts, demand loans, term loans, bills discounted/ purchased and factored receivables. It includes money lent by the bank to its borrowers/ customers, interest accrued and due on such monies lent, debit balances in deposits accounts, amount of participation on risk sharing basis under IBPC, outstanding in credit card operations, interest bearing advances to staff members, amount receivable under any special schemes announced by GOI (e.g., Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008), any other fund based exposure deemed as loans and advances as per extant regulatory instructions. It also includes recalled assets (other than fraud related receivables) and amount of refinances. For the purpose of Bank Credit, refinancing shall include the loans extended due to swapping /replacing of the outstanding debt with a new debt as per the terms and conditions of the original sanction. However, it excludes amount in Interest Suspense Account as per extant RBI guidelines. Prudential write-offs, securitised loans, loans transferred to asset reconstruction companies (ARCs), bills rediscounted, which are not forming part of banks' balance sheets also do not form part of 'loans and advances'. |
| 5 |
Gross Loans and Advances |
All outstanding loans and advances as indicated under the definition above of ‘Bank Credit’. These are gross of all provisions and netting items as specified under the definition of 'net loans and advances’ at Sr.No.6 below. |
| 6 |
Net Loans and Advances |
To arrive at ‘Net Loans and Advances’, following items should be netted out from Gross Loans and Advances: i. Provisions held in the case of NPA Accounts as per asset classification (including additional Provisions for NPAs at higher than prescribed rates), ii. DICGC / ECGC claims received and held pending adjustment, iii. Part payment received and kept in Suspense Account or any other similar account, iv. Balance in Sundries Account (Interest Capitalization - Restructured Accounts), in respect of NPA Accounts, v. Floating Provisions (to the extent, banks have exercised this option, over utilising it towards Tier II capital), and vi. Provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured accounts classified as a) standard assets and b) NPAs. |
| 7 |
Cash Credit |
A facility, under which a customer is allowed an advance up to the credit limit against the security by way of hypothecation/ pledge of goods, book debts, standing crops, etc. The facility is a running account and 'Drawing Power - DP' is periodically determined with reference to the value of the eligible current assets. The outstanding amount is repayable on demand. |
| 8 |
Overdraft |
A facility, under which a customer is allowed to draw an agreed sum (credit limit) in excess of credit balance in their account. The overdraft facility may be secured (against fixed/term deposits and other securities, like small saving instruments, surrender value of insurance policies, etc.) or clean (i.e., without any security). The overdraft facility might be granted on their current account, savings deposits account or temporary overdraft on credit accounts. |
| 9 |
Term Loans |
A loan which has a specified maturity and is payable in instalments or in bullet form. Term loans having maturity in excess of one year should only be reported under this head (term loans with maturity up to one year are to be reported under demand loans). |
| 10 |
Demand Loans |
All loans repayable on demand (such as cash credit, overdraft, bills purchased and discounted, etc.) and short-term loans with maturity up to one year, whether secured or unsecured, are considered demand loans. |
| 11 |
Bills Purchased and Discounted |
A negotiable instrument that gives the holder the right to receive stated fixed sums on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time. When a bank negotiates a bill payable on demand (sight bill) and provides funds to the holder, at a fee/ interest, the facility is referred to as bill purchase. When a bank negotiates bill payable after a usance i.e., at a fixed or determinable future time (usance bill) and provides funds to the holder, at a discount, the facility is referred to as bill discounting. Bills purchased and discounted can be Inland Bills and Foreign Bills. Inland Bills are Bills of Exchange drawn in India and paid in India to a person in India. |
| 12 |
Advances Fully Secured by Tangible Assets |
Advances where all amounts due are covered fully by the value of tangible security (primary as well as collateral security) duly discharged to the bank in respect of those dues and the market value of such security is not, at any time, less than the amount of such advance. Securities in intangible form like guarantees / comfort letters, etc. of the promoter/ others (including State Government guarantees), goodwill etc., are not included. The rights, licenses, authorisations, etc., charged to the banks as collateral in respect of projects (including infrastructure projects) financed by them, should also not be reckoned as tangible security, unless or otherwise, specifically permitted by the RBI. However, banks may treat annuities under build-operate-transfer (BOT) model in respect of road / highway projects and toll collection rights, where there are provisions to compensate the project sponsor if a certain level of traffic is not achieved, as tangible securities subject to the condition that banks' right to receive annuities and toll collection rights is legally enforceable and irrevocable. Similarly, in case of infrastructure project that have been adopted by various Ministries and State Governments for their respective public-private partnership (PPP) projects, the debts due to the lenders may be considered as secured to the extent assured by the project authority in terms of the Model Concession Agreement, subject to prescribed conditions. Further, where the market value of the tangible security is less than all amounts due, the advance is secured only to the extent of the market value of the assets held as security. The residual portion of the advance is unsecured loan/ advance. |
| 13 |
Unsecured Loans |
Where the market value of the tangible security is less than all amounts due, the advance is secured only to the extent of the market value of the assets held as security. The residual portion of the advance is unsecured loan/ advance. Note: For the limited purpose of application of RBI prudential norms on Income Recognition and Asset Classification (IRAC Norms), ‘Unsecured Loan/Advance’ is, however, defined as an exposure where the realisable value of the security, as assessed by the bank / approved valuer / Reserve Bank inspecting officers, is not more than 10 percent of the outstanding exposure in the borrowal accounts. ‘Security’ here means tangible security properly discharged to the bank and will not include intangible securities like guarantees (including State government guarantees), comfort letters etc. |
| 14 |
Advances Covered by Bank/ Government Guarantees |
Advances guaranteed by Indian and or foreign banks, Indian Central/State/ Local government and or foreign governments, and other recognised institutions [e.g., Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Limited (ECGC), Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC), Credit Guaranteed Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)]. |
| 15 |
Clean Loans/Advances |
A loan/advance which is granted without any primary or collateral security. |
| 16 |
Non-performing Assets |
A non-performing Asset (NPA) is an asset, other than investments where; (a) interest and/or instalment of principal remain overdue* for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term loan, (b) the account remains ‘out of order’**, in respect of an Overdraft/ Cash Credit (OD/CC), (c) the bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted, (d) the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration crops, the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop season for long duration crops, (f) the amount of liquidity facility remains outstanding for more than 90 days in respect of a securitisation transaction undertaken in terms of guidelines on securitisation, (g) derivative transactions where the overdue receivables representing positive mark-to-market value of a derivative contract remain unpaid for a period of more than 90 days from the specified due date for payment, (h) In respect of a working capital borrowal account, if irregular drawings are permitted in the account for a continuous period of more than 90 days even though the unit may be working or the borrower's financial position is satisfactory. For this purpose, any outstanding in the account based on drawing power calculated from stock statements older than three months would also be deemed as irregular. (i) an account where the regular / ad hoc credit limits have not been reviewed/ renewed within 180 days from the due date / date of ad hoc sanction. In case of interest payments, banks should, classify an account as NPA only if the interest is due and charged during any quarter is not serviced fully within 90 days from the end of the quarter. If the debits arising out of devolvement of letters of credit or invoked guarantees are parked in a separate account, the balance outstanding in that account also should be treated as a part of the borrower’s principal operating account for the purpose of application of prudential norms on income recognition, asset classification and provisioning. However, the bills discounted under LC favouring a borrower may not be classified as a non-performing asset (NPA), when any other facility granted to the borrower is classified as NPA. However, in case documents under LC are not accepted on presentation or the payment under the LC is not made on the due date by the LC issuing bank for any reason and the borrower does not immediately make good the amount disbursed as a result of discounting of concerned bills, the outstanding bills discounted will immediately be classified as NPA with effect from the date when the other facilities had been classified as NPA. * ‘Overdue’ – Any amount due to the bank under any credit facility is ‘overdue’ if it is not paid on the due date fixed by the bank. ** ‘Out of Order’-An account should be treated as ‘out of order’ if the outstanding balance remains continuously in excess of the sanctioned limit/drawing power for 90 days. In cases where the outstanding balance in the principal operating account is less than the sanctioned limit/drawing power, but there are no credits continuously for 90 days as on the date of Balance Sheet or credits are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period, these accounts should be treated as ‘out of order’. |
| 17 |
Non-Earning Assets |
Assets that do not generate income and inter-alia include cash in hand or cash with banks’ agents/ service providers, fixed assets (excluding leased assets), balances in current accounts with other banks including the RBI, and other assets including intangible assets. |
| 18 |
Syndicated Loans |
Loan syndication involves participation by a group of lending institutions (banks/ financial institutions) as financiers to a single borrower. The borrower selects a bank or financial institution to act as a nodal agent for syndication which then invites participation of other banks and financial institutions to finance the single borrower. Although the borrower signs a common document, drawn up by the syndicate manager, the borrower has distinct contractual relationship with each of the syndicate members. |
| 19 |
Technical / Prudential Write-off |
The amount of non-performing assets, which are outstanding in the books of the branches (or outstanding at borrowers’ loan account level in centralised operations unit) but have been written-off (fully or partially) at Head Office level. |
| 20 |
Gross Investments |
As per Banking Regulation Act, 1949, it comprises investments in India as well as investments outside India. Investments in India comprise investments in Indian government securities (Central/ State Government securities and Government of India Treasury bills at book value), other approved securities (as per Banking Regulation Act, 1949), shares/debentures/bonds (not included under other approved securities) of companies and corporations, investments in subsidiaries/ joint ventures (including those in RRBs), Certificate of Deposits and others (other residual investments), if any, like gold, commercial paper and other instruments in the nature of shares/ debentures/bonds. Investments outside India comprise foreign government securities (including local authorities), shares, debentures & bonds, subsidiaries and/or joint ventures abroad and other investments. As repo/ reverse repo transactions are now accounted as lending/ borrowing obligations (and not as sale/purchase agreements), securities sold under repo transactions (both under market repo as well as RBI LAF window) should continue to be included under investments. However, securities bought under reverse repo transactions (both market reverse repo as well as RBI LAF window) should not be included under investments. Investments are to be shown gross of provisions made for depreciation and provision for non-performing investments. Note: For reporting of investments for the purpose of SLR (such as in Form VIII and Statement on daily maintenance of SLR), the securities (including margins) sold under market repo transactions should not be accounted for SLR by the borrower of funds. The securities (including margins) acquired under market reverse repo as well as RBI LAF window will be reckoned for SLR purpose by the lender of funds. |
| 21 |
Net Investments |
Gross investments less aggregate of provisions for non-performing investments and depreciation for diminution in value of investments. |
| 22 |
Non-performing Investment (NPI) |
An NPI, similar to a non-performing advance (NPA), is one where; (i) Interest/ instalment (including maturity proceeds) is due and remains unpaid for more than 90 days. (ii) The above would apply mutatis-mutandis to preference shares where the fixed dividend is not paid. (iii) In the case of equity shares, in the event the investment in the shares of any company is valued at Re.1 per company on account of the non-availability of the latest balance sheet would also be reckoned as NPI. (iv) If any credit facility availed by the issuer is NPA in the books of the bank, investment in any of the securities, including preference shares issued by the same issuer would also be treated as NPI and vice versa. However, if only the preference shares are classified as NPI, the investment in any of the other performing securities issued by the same issuer may not be classified as NPI and any performing credit facilities granted to that borrower need not be treated as NPA. (v) The investments in debentures/ bonds, which are deemed to be in the nature of advance, would also be subjected to NPI norms as applicable to investments. (vi) In case of conversion of principal and / or interest into equity, debentures (including zero coupon bonds or other instruments which seek to defer the liability of the issuer), such instruments should be treated as NPI, ab initio, in the same asset classification category as the restructured loan. The prudential treatment for Central Government Guaranteed bonds has to be identical to Central Government guaranteed advances. Hence, bank's investments in bonds guaranteed by Central Government need not be classified as NPI until the Central Government have repudiated the guarantee when invoked. However, this exemption from classification as NPI is not for the purpose of recognition of income. |
| 23 |
Leased Assets |
Assets which are subject of a lease arrangement. |
| 24 |
Interest Receivable/ Accrued |
The amount of interest accrued but not due on advances and investments and interest due but not collected on investments. Only such interest accrued in respect of assets where banks are allowed to recognise income on accrual basis should be shown under this head. |
| 25 |
Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) |
Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) refers to the deduction in payment made by the person responsible for making the payment as per the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961. |
| 26 |
Advance tax paid and TDS |
The amount of tax deducted at source on income, and taxes (advance income tax, wealth tax, fringe benefit tax, or other applicable taxes) paid in advance or self-assessment tax paid, etc. to the extent that these items are not set off against relative tax provisions. |
| 27 |
Inter-office Adjustments Assets |
Inter-office adjustments represent items in transit and unadjusted items. The inter-office adjustments balance, if in debit, is considered inter-office adjustments assets. Only net position of inter-office accounts, inland as well as foreign, should be shown here. For arriving at the net balance of inter-office adjustment accounts, all connected inter-office accounts should be aggregated and the net balance, if in debit only should be shown here. |